Rabdophaga heterobia (Loew, 1850)
on Salix
Salix triandra, Dronten, 12.viii.2018 © Arnold Grosscurt
bud gall
another specimen
opened gall
Salix triandra, Wedde (Gr), 11.vi.2017 © Arnold Grosscurt
detail
Salix triandra, female catkin, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár © László Érsek
part of the fruitlets is disfigured, yellowed, swollen
larvae in the galls
opened
cocoon and puparia
puparia
Salix triandra, male catkin, Belgium, prov. Namur, Barvaux-Condroz © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Salix triandra, Belgium, prov. Namur, Couvin, Boussu-en-Fagne © Sébastien Carbonnelle: gall of the summer generation
Salix triandra, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár © László Érsek
another specimen
opened gall
mature larvae
puparia
gall
Larvae of the spring generation make a gall in the catkins, where they also pupate. The gall of the summer generation is a swollen bud that only partly opens into a hairy rosette, where several orange-red larvae are living.
host plants
Salicaceae, strictly monophagous
Salix triandra.
References to other species (Houard, 1908a; Béguinot, 2012a) are almost certainly incorrect.
larva
Salix triandra, Belgium, prov. Limbourg, Rekem, Oude Weerd, 19.vi.2020 © Carina Van Steenwinkel
tip of the spatula with papiillae
prosternum with spatula (from Möhn, 1955a)
synonyms
Cecidomyia, Dasineura, Rhabdophaga, heterobia.
notes
According to the literature there are two generations: a hibernating generation that in spring causes catkin-galls, and a summer generation galling terminal buds. This seems incorrect: the pictures of the summer gall from Hungary were made in spring, even a few days before those of the spring generation (May 1st and 5th, respectively) This rather suggests that both gall types are caused simultaneously by the same generation. It is not clear if this generation is followed by a second one that obviously can only cause bud galls.
parasitoids, predators
Lestodiplosis heterobiae; Torymus heterobiae.
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g,h, 2007b, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1965a), Cilbircioğlu & Ünal (2009a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Gagné & Jaschhof (2024a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kieffer (1891a), Lambinon Schneider & Feitz (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Mirumian (2011a), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam ao (2005a), Skuhravá, Karimpour, Sadeghi ao (2014a), Skuhravá (1989a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a, 1999a, 2010a, 2021a: 252), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a), Unal & Akkuzu (2009a).