Rabdophaga salicis (Schrank, 1803)
on Salix
Salix spec., Spain, Castilla y León, Navarredonda de Gredos, ± 800 m, 17.vii.2022 © Cor Zonneveld
an individual gall
Salix aurita, Hungary, Jánossomorja, 17.viii.2019 © László Érsek
opened gall
larva, dorsal
larva, ventral
Salix cinerea, France, dép. Côte d’Armor, Plédéliac, 31.viii.2019 © Pierre Duhem
vertical section
Salix cinerea, Sevenum 2.ix.2018 © Arnold Groscurt
galled midrib
opened gall with two larva
larva with spatula
Salix cinerea, Belgium, prov. Namur, Romedenne; leg. Sébastien Carbonnelle © Gilles San Martin
Salix cinerea, Hoek van Holland, leg Ben van As
Salix aurita, Belgium, prov. Luxembourg, Bovigny, Chifontaine: old gall; © Jean-Yves Baugnée
pupa; contrary to the similar Rabdophaga dubiosa the pupa bears a pair of sturdy teeth between the spiracular horns.
gall
Multilocular, mostly all-sided, ± 10 mm thick and up to 50 mm long irregular swelling of a thin branch; sometime several together, than sometime coalescing. Often that bark is cracked and flaky. The dormant buds are irregularly distributed ver the surface. Fresh galls are green, old ones dark brown. Lesser galls also occur in the petioles and even the midrib. The gall chambers lie in all layers of the wood, each one with a single orange larva or pupa. Prior to emergence the puparium work themselves out of the gall at a randomly chosen spot; this in contrast to R. dubiosa, of which the pupa can only leave the gall by way of a dormant bud.
host plants
Salicaceae, monophagous
Salix alba, arbuscula, aurita, babylonica, canariensis, caprea, cinerea, daphnoides, elaeagnos, excelsa, x fragilis, glabra, hastata, helvetica, myrsinites, nigra, pentandra, purpurea, repens.
Mainly Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea, repens.
phenology
A single generation per year. The larva hibernates in the gall and pupates there in spring.
larva
the mature larva is described by Nijveldt & Yukawa (1982a).
spatulas of specimens from Salix aurita (a, d), S. cinerea (b) and S. caprea (c) (from Rübsaamen, 1916a)
pupa
See Stelter (1980a). At the base of the prothoracic horns a distinct small tooth (absent in R. dubiosa).
synonyms
Cecidomyia, Dasineura, Dichelomyia, Rhabdophaga, salicis; Dichelomyia, Rhabdophaga noduli Rübsaamen, 1895.
inquilines
As a specialised predator lives in the galls Lestodiplosis gammae.
parasitoids, predators
Gastrancistrus salicis; Torymus bouceki, partitus, tipulariarum.
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002e, 2005a, 2006a, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Bruun (2015a), Buhr (1965a), Charles, Nef, Allegro, ao (2014a), Cilbircioğlu & Ünal (2009a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Dietrich (2016a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), oğanlar (2017a), Gagné (2010a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a), Hellrigl (2010a), Houard (1908a), Kieffer (1895b), Kollár (2011a), Kopelke & Amendt (2002a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Löw (1888a), Mirumian (2011a), Nijveldt (1977a), Nijveldt & Yukawa (1982a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Rübsaamen (1892a, 1895b, 1916a), Simova-Tošić & Skuhravá (2001a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a,b, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam ao (2005a), Skuhravá, Karimpour, Sadeghi ao (2014a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a, 1999a, 2003a, 2010a, 2012a, 2021a: 240), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a, 2002a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Stelter (1956a, 1978a, 1980a, 1988a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2014a), Unal & Akkuzu (2009a).