Spurgia esulae Gagné, 1990
on Euphorbia
Euphorbia esula, Zwolle, 17.viii.2020 © Arnold Grosscurt
detail
opened gall with larvae
larvae
opened gall with cocoons
Euphorbia esula, Wellerlooi, 3.viii.2011
gall
Neither galls nor larvae can be distinguished from those of Spurgia euphorbiae. Larvae yellow to orange when mature, gregarious, active; pupation in a cocoon in the gall.
host plants
Euphorbiaceae, narrowly monophagous
Euphorbia esula, lathyris, maculata.
Pecora ao found that in the laboratory the species can complete its life cycle also on E. characias, cyparissias, myrsinites, peplus, and serratula.
larva
spatula with adjacent papillae (from Gagné, 1990a)
references
Gagné (1990a), Pecora, Pemberton, Stazi & Johnson (1991a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Sobhian, Littlefield, Cristofaro & Mann (2000a).