Spurgia esulae Gagné, 1990

on Euphorbia

Spurgia esulae: galls on Euphorbia esula

Euphorbia esula, Zwolle, 17.viii.2020 © Arnold Grosscurt

Spurgia esulae: galls on Euphorbia esula

detail

Spurgia esulae: gall on Euphorbia esula

opened gall with larvae

Spurgia esulae: larvae

larvae

Spurgia esulae: gall on Euphorbia esula

opened gall with cocoons

Spurgia esulae galls

Euphorbia esula, Wellerlooi, 3.viii.2011

gall

Neither galls nor larvae can be distinguished from those of Spurgia euphorbiae. Larvae yellow to orange when mature, gregarious, active; pupation in a cocoon in the gall.

host plants

Euphorbiaceae, narrowly monophagous

Euphorbia esula, lathyris, maculata.

Pecora ao found that in the laboratory the species can complete its life cycle also on E. characias, cyparissias, myrsinites, peplus, and serratula.

larva

Spurgia esulae: spatula

spatula with adjacent papillae (from Gagné, 1990a)

references

Gagné (1990a), Pecora, Pemberton, Stazi & Johnson (1991a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a, 2021a: 104), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Sobhian, Littlefield, Cristofaro & Mann (2000a).