Spurgia euphorbiae (Vallot, 1827)
on Euphorbia
Euphorbia cyparissias, Hungary, Lébény, 19.vii.2020 © László Érsek: gall
opened gall with larva
larva
parasitoid larva
Euphorbia cyparissias, France, dép. Dordogne, Saint-Cyprien, 5.v.2019 © Arnold Grosscurt
larva in opened gall
Euphorbia cyparissias, Belgium, prov. Luxembourg, Resteigne, Les Pairées, 30.v.2008 © Jean-Yves Baugnée
host plants
Euphorbiaceae, monophagous
Euphorbia amygdaloides, characias, cyparissias, dulcis, esula & subsp. tommasiniana, falcata, helioscopia, iberica, illyrica, myrsinites, nicaeensis, salicifolia, seguieriana. serrata, verrucosa.
gall
Larvae in enlarged terminal buds. The galls may be relatively loose and slender, green en with cleary widened scales. Somewhat later in the year the galls are more compact and globular, pink, and with less strongly widened scales. Larvae yellow, gregarious, active. Multivoltine. Pupation in a cocoon in the gall or in the soil. Hibernation in the soil. Only the adult midges can be distinguished from those of S. esulae.
synonyms
Bayeria, Perrisia, capitigena Bremi, 1847; Cecidomyia euphorbiae Löw, 1850; Dasineura, Perrisia, subpatula Bremi, 1847 [cf Gagné, 2004a].
inquilines
parasitoids, predators
Omphale euphorbiae; Torymus chloromerus.
references
Béguinot (2002a,d,e,f,h, 2003a,b, 2005a, 2012a), Bellido, Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar (2003a), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Buhr (1964b), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Gagné (1990a, 2004a, 2010a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a), Hansson & Shevtsova (2012a), Hellrigl (2006a), Houard (1909a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Löw (1888a), Mirumian (2011a), Nelson & Carlson (1999a), Pârvu (2005a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Rübsaamen (1917a), Simova-Tošić & Skuhravá (2001a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1994a,b, 1997a,b, 1999a,b, 2005b,c, 2006a, 2010a, 2021a: 103), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Sobhian, Littlefield, Cristofaro & Mann (2000a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a).