Penestragania apicalis (Osborn & Ball, 1898)
on Gleditsia
parasite
Larvae and adults free on the leaves.
host plants
Fabaceae, monophagous
Gleditsia triacanthos.
phenology
ivoltine of Univoltine; hibernation as egg.
distribution within Europe
France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria .
notes
North American species; for observation in Europe in 2012, but probably arrived many years before.
references
Callot & Matocq (2014a), Lock (2019a), Mühlehaler, Holzinger, Nickel & Wachmann (2018a), Nickel, Callot, Knop, ao (2013a), d’Urso, Sánchez & Bella (2019a).