Neotoxoptera violae (Pergande, 1900)

on Viola

parasite

Apterae 1-2 mm, purplish or dark wine-red; at the underside of the leaves.

host plants

Violaceae, monophagous

Viola odorata.

distribution within Europe

(PESI, 2018).

references

Barbagallo, Binazzi, Pennacchio & Pollini (2011a), Barbagallo & Pollini (2014a), Blackman & Eastop (2018), Meliá (1991a), Pérez Hidalgo, Perera González & Carnero Hernández (2011a).