Euceraphis betulae (Koch, 1855)
silver birch aphid
on Betula
Betula pendula, Biddinghuizen, Spijk- en Bremerbergbos © Hans Jonkman
The alatae are densely covered by wax
larvae
the full-grown viviparae are winged
gall
The full-grown apterae are relatively large (3-4 mm), winged, greenish with a variable amount of black; they are dusted with bluish-white wax. The siphunculus is short with a black tip. Mainly at the undersides of the leaves. No host alternation.
hostplants
Betulaceae, narrowly monophagous
Betula pendula.
On B. pubescens lives the related Euceraphis punctipennis
references
Barbagallo, Binazzi, Pennacchio & Pollini (2011a), Barbagallo & Massimino Cocuzza (2014a), Barbagallo & Pollini (2014a), Blackman & Eastop (2014), Heie (1982a), Influential Points (2017), Johnson (2001a), Lampel & Meier (2003a), Łabanowski & Soika (2011a), Mier Durante & Nieto Nafría (1997a), Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante (1998a), Osiadacz & Wojciechowski (2008a), Petrović (1998a), Ripka, Reider & Szalay-Marzsó (1998a), Tambs-Lyche & Heie (1984a), Wieczorek & Kanturski (2011a).