Glyphina betulae (Linnaeus, 1758)

green birch thelaxid

on Betula

Glyphina betulae: apterae on Betula pendula

Betula pendula, landgoed Tongeren © Hans Jonkman

Glyphina betulae: apterae on Betula pendula

Betula pendula, England, East Sussex, Flatropers Wood © Bob Dransfield & Bob Brightwell, InfluentialPoints

Glyphina betulae: aptera on Betula pendula

Betula pendula, UK © Bob Dransfield & Bob Brightwell, InfluentialPoints

gall

Apterae 1-2 mm, dark green to almost black; immatures are green; on the young shoots.

host plants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula dahurica, neoalaskana, papyrifera, pendula, pubescens, raddeana.

Rarely on Alnus.

references

Blackman & Eastop (2014), Börner & Franz (1956a), Börner & Heinze (1957a), Buhr (1964b), Danielsson (1974a), Eklo & Hofsvang (2008a), Heie (1980a), Hellrigl (2004a), Łabanowski & Soika (2011a), Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante (1998a), Osiadacz & Wojciechowski (2008a), Ripka, Reider & Szalay-Marzsó (1998a), Szelegiewicz (1982a), Tambs-Lyche & Heie (1994a), Weis (1955a), Wojciechowski, Depa, Halgoš ao (2016a).