Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758

brown soft scale

highly polyphagous, but not on grasses

Nerium oleander, Hungary, Budapest, Hűvösvölgy, 20.iv.2018 © László Érsek

infested leaf, underside

two females

female; the eyes are well visible

female, upturned; the feet (present) are not well recognisable, but the long antennae are

Laurus nobilis, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, 29.xi.2016 © László Érsek. The scales produce large amounts of honeydew, on which sooty moulds quickly establish.

host plants

Abies concolor, nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani; Acacia acinacea, cyclops; Agave americana; Aloe ciliaris; Aralia; Asplenium nidus; Campanula; Carica papaya; Cedrus atlantica, deodrara, libani; Cephalotaxus harringtonii; Chamaerops humilisl Cirsium arvense; Citrus aurantium, limon, reticulata, sinensis; Cocos nucifera; Cycas revoluta; Cydonia oblonga; Cytisus filipes; Echinocactus; Ensete ventricosa; Eriobotrya japonica; Ficus benjamina, microcarpa; Hedera helix; Hedychium coronarium; Ilex aquifolium; Iris unguiculata subsp. cretensis; Laurus nobilis; Lavandula angustifolia; Lonicera; Lycium; Maclura; Mangifera indica; Mentha; Micromeria teneriffae; Myoporum pictum; Nephrolepis exaltata; Nerium oleander; Peperomia; Phlox paniculata; Phytolacca dioica; Pinus pinaster, pinea; Prunus laurocerasus, persica; Quercus ilex; Rhamnus alaternus, lycioides subsp. oleoides; Schinus terebinthifolia; Taxus baccata; Thuja plicata; Weigela floribunda.

distribution within Europe

(PESI, 2018).

synonyms

Lecanium hesperidum.

parasitoids, predators

Coccophagus bivittatus, cowperi, lycimnia, scutellaris; Encyrtus aurantii; Metaphycus flavus; Pachyneuron muscarum.

notes

In Europe mainly a species on indoor plants and in greenhouses. But in urban situations, in particular in southern Europe often on ornamental plants.

references

Adlerz (1955a), Akkuzu, Arslangündoğdu & Selmi (2006a), Ben-Dov Y & Sánchez-García (2015a), Boertjes, Fransen & Marissen (2003a), Carnero Hernandez & Perez Guerra (1986a), Gertsson (2016a), Gomez-Menor Ortega (1948a, 1957a, 1960a), Hellrigl (2004a, 2006b), Houard (1909a), Jansen (2009a), Japoshvili & Karaca (2002a), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Kozár, Konczné Benedicty, Fetykó, ao (2013a), Łagowska, Golan, Kot ao (2015a), Malumphy (2010a), Malumphy & Kahrer (2011a), Masten Milek, Seljak, Šimala ao (2016a), Masten Milek, Šimala, Pintar & Markotić (2017a), Mazzeo, Suma & Russo (0000a), Mifsud, Falzon, Malumphy ao (2012a), Mifsud, Mazzeo, Russo & Watson (2014a), Pellizzari, Porcelli, Seljak & Kozár (2011a), ScaleNet, Seljak (2010a), Şi̇şman & Ülgentürk (2010a), Soria, Moreno, Viñuela & del Estal (2000a), Ülgentürk (2001a), Ülgentürk, Evren, Ayhan ao (2012a), Ülgentürk, Çanakçioğlu & Kaygin (2004a), Ülgentürk, Şahi̇n, Ayhan, ao (2012b), Ülgentürk & Toros (1999a), Szita, Fetykó, Konczné Benedicty, ao (2017a).