Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret, 1873)

bituberculate scale

mainly on woody Rosaceae

from Gomez-Menor Ortega (1960a)

parasite

Female with eggs reddish brown oval, usually moderately convex with mid-dorsal carina and with sloping margins, with two pairs of knoblike tubercles, anterior tubercles much larger and more prominent than the posterior ones; up to 8 mm long, 6 mm wide and 2.5 mm high. Freshly moulted female brown with white mottling, sometimes forming transverse stripes.

hos tplants

polyphagous

Corylus avellana; Crataegus crus-galli, laevigata,monogyna, rhipidophyla; Prunus.

Rarely also Betula pendula; Malus domestica, floribunda; Populus tremula.

synonyms

Lecanium bituberculatum Targioni Tozzetti, 1858, nomen nudum; Eulecanium, Lecanium, bituberculatum.

parasitoids, predators

Coccophagus differens, insidiator, lycimnia, palaeolecanii, scutellaris; Microterys duplicatus; Trichomasthus albimanus.

references

Ćwierzyk & Dziedzicka (1987a), Dziedzicka (1988a), Gómez-Menor Ortega (1960a, 1965a), Hellrigl (2004a), Jansen (1999b), Kozár, Guignard, Bachmann ao (1994a), Malumphy (2010a), Malumphy, Ostrauskas & Pye (2008a), Seljak (2010a), Ülgentürk (2001a), Ülgentürk & Toros (1999a).