Quercus robur, Hilversum, ‘t Laer, 30.v.2004 © Jan-Willem Wertwijn

detail

Quercus robur, Belgium, prov. Namur, Viroinval, Vierves-sur-Viroin, 26.v.2016 © Stéphane Claerebout

larva

parasite

Irregular group of fused cells, attached to roots. Individual galls are unicellular.The solitary larva is mature in October of the second year

host plants

Fagaceae, monophagous

Quercus frainetto, lusitanica, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur.

The reference to Cedrus deodara by Houard (1908a) must be a mistake.

on Quercus, sexual generation

Quercus petraea, Belgium, prov. Namur, Baronville, 13.vi.2006 © Jean-Yves Baugnée

Quercus robur, Enter: section through a young gall, 28.iv.2011 © Arnold Grosscurt

remnants of an old gall

Quercus robur, Castricum, 6.v.2011

at the rear of the gall the bud scales are still present

Quercus robur, Bergen op Zoom, 7.v.2012; young gall

very young gall

em>Quercus robur, Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Laakdal, de Roost, 1.vi.2020 © Carina Van Steenwinkel: larva

pupa

pupa

imago

imago

parasitoid pupa (Torymus ?)

parasite

Large (up to almost 5 cm), ± globular, spongy, multilocular bud gall; mature in May-June.

host plants

Fagaceae, monophagous

Quercus canariensis, cerris, faginea, frainetto, ilex, infectoria & subsp. veneris, lusitanica, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur, suber.

synonyms

Biorhiza aptera Bosc, 1791.

inquilines

Curculio villosus; Synergus gallaepomiformis.

notes

Houard attributes a voluminous lateral swelling on the branches of Cedrus deodara to B. pallida. This is as incorrect as intriguing: on Cedrus not a single gall is known!

references

Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Andersen & Fjellberg (1977a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002a,e, 2003a, 2006a,c, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1965a), Cerasa (2015a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Flügel (2016a), Groom (2011a), Hellrigl (2009a, 2010a, 2012a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1908a [“Biorrhiza”]), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Karaca & Katılmış (2020a), Katılmış & Kıyak (2008a), Kemal & Koçak (2010a), Kollár (2007a, 2011a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2012a, 2014a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Chevin (2003a), Marković (2014a, 2015a), Melika (2006a), Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar (2000a), Nieves-Aldrey (2001a), Pujade-Villar, Kwast, Thuroczy & Bellido (2002a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Salas-Remón, Llimona, Lozano ao (2015a), Schimitschek (1939a), Shachar, Melika, Inbar & Dorchin (2018a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2012a, 2014a), Williams (2010a).