Biorhiza pallida (Olivier, 1791)
on Quercus, agamous generation
Quercus robur, Hilversum, ‘t Laer; © Jan-Willem Wertwijn
detail
Quercus robur, Belgium, prov. Namur, Viroinval, Vierves-sur-Viroin © Stéphane Claerebout
larva
parasite
Irregular group of fused cells, attached to roots. Individual galls are unicellular.The solitary larva is mature in October of the second year
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus frainetto, lusitanica, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur.
The reference to Cedrus deodara by Houard (1908a) must be a mistake.
on Quercus, sexual generation
Quercus petraea, Belgium, prov. Namur, Baronville © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Quercus robur, Enter: section through a young gall © Arnold Grosscurt
remnants of an old gall
Quercus robur, Castricum
at the rear of the gall the bud scales are still present
Quercus robur, Bergen op Zoom; young gall
very young gall
parasite
Large (up to almost 5 cm), ± globular, spongy, multilocular bud gall; mature in May-June.
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus canariensis, cerris, faginea, frainetto, ilex, infectoria & subsp. veneris, lusitanica, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur, suber.
synonyms
Biorhiza aptera Bosc, 1791.
inquilines
Curculio villosus; Synergus gallaepomiformis.
notes
Houard attributes a voluminous lateral swelling on the branches of Cedrus deodara to B. pallida. This is as incorrect as intriguing: on Cedrus not a single gall is known!
references
Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002a,e, 2003a, 2006a,c, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1965a), Cerasa (2015a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Flügel (2016a), Groom (2011a), Hellrigl (2009a, 2010a, 2012a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1908a [“Biorrhiza”]), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Katılmış & Kıyak (2008a), Kemal & Koçak (2010a), Kollár (2007a, 2011a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2012a, 2014a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Chevin (2003a), Marković (2014a, 2015a), Melika (2006a), Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar (2000a), Nieves-Aldrey (2001a), Pujade-Villar, Kwast, Thuroczy & Bellido (2002a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Salas-Remón, Llimona, Lozano ao (2015a), Shachar, Melika, Inbar & Dorchin (2018a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2012a, 2014a), Williams (2010a).