Aulacidea freesei Nieves-Aldrey, 1994
on Silybum, etc.
gall
Larva chambers below the bark of the stems. The chambers are oval and lined with silk. When touched, the larva reacts jerkingly (cf Phanacis zwolferi).
host plants
Asteraceae, oligophagous
Notobasis syriaca; Silybum marinum.
parasitoids, predators
Aprostocetus venustus; Calosota obscura; Eupelmus microzonus; Eurytoma aspila; Homoporus subniger; Idiomacromerus silybi.
references
Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Cobo, Ribes & Pujade-Villar (2016a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1995a, 2001a, 2004a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez & Hernández Nieves (2004a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Sakaltaş Ariyak & Tüzün (2014a) .