Aulacidea freesei Nieves-Aldrey, 1994

on Silybum, etc.

gall

Larva chambers below the bark of the stems. The chambers are oval and lined with silk. When touched, the larva reacts jerkingly (cf Phanacis zwolferi).

host plants

Asteraceae, oligophagous

Notobasis syriaca; Silybum marinum.

parasitoids, predators

Aprostocetus venustus; Calosota obscura; Eupelmus microzonus; Eurytoma aspila; Homoporus subniger; Idiomacromerus silybi.

references

Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Cobo, Ribes & Pujade-Villar (2016a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1995a, 2001a, 2004a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez & Hernández Nieves (2004a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Sakaltaş Ariyak & Tüzün (2014a) .