Cynips divisa Hartig, 1840
red-pea gall
on Quercus, agamous generation
Quercus robur, Nieuwendam: gall, at underside of leaf
the wall is thck and hard …….
and consists of columnar cells
often the wall harbours one or two inquiline larvae ………
but they did not prevent this larva to reach the pupal stage
pupa
a parasitoid (with exuvium), attached to a larva
Gall
Galls from June till October, mature in September.
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus canariensis, frainetto, x hispanica, infectoria & subsp. veneris, lusitanica, macranthera, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur.
on Quercus, sexual generation
galls (from Houard, 1908a)
gall
The sexual generation makes thin-walled, unilocular, lemon-shaped galls that with their tip are attached to a leaf margin, generally at the end on a vein. They are 2 x 3 mm in size, finely pubescent, and have about 10 length ridges. Galls also may be attached to the petiole of a catkin; these are larger, 4-6 mm long, blister-like and somewhat translucent.
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus frainetto, infectoria subsp. veneris, petraea, pubescens, robur.
synonyms
Dryophanta divisa; D. verrucosa (von Schlechtendal, 1870).
inquilines
parasitoids, predators
Aprostocetus aethiops; Caenacis lauta; Eupelmus barai, urozonus; Eurytoma brunniventris; Mesopolobus dubius, fasciiventris, sericeus; Ormyrus pomaceus; Sycophila biguttata; cyaneus, Torymus notatus.
notes
Of the practically unknown Cynips schlechtendali (Kieffer, 1901) it is stated by Houard that the gall is similar to the one of divisa, with the same finely granular surface, “but entirely smooth”.
references
Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Askew (1961b), Béguinot (2002d,e, 2006a,c, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Buhr (1965a), Cerasa (2015a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Ecott (2012a), Fusu (2017a), Groom (2011a), Hellrigl (2009a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Karaca & Katılmış (2020a), Katılmış & Kıyak (2008a), Kemal & Koçak (2010a), Kollár (200a, 2011a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2012a, 2014a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Chevin (2003a), Lehmann & Flügel (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Melika (2006a), Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar (2000a), Nieves-Aldrey (1984b, 2001a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Shachar, Melika, Inbar & Dorchin (2018a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a), Williams (2010a).