Cynips quercus (Fourcroy, 1785)
on Quercus, agamous generation
Quercus pubescens, France, dép. Alpes-Maritimes, St. Vallier-de-Thiey, 600 m © Pierre Gros
same gall, other aspect
Quercus robur, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Fondry des Chiens © Stéphane Claerebout. Because this would form the first record of this species in the Benelux, and moreover the host plant is very unusual for this species, the identification can only be provisional.
detail
underside of the leaf
the gall
opened gall
gall
pea gall, about 10 mm large, at the underside of the leaf. The outside is yellowish brown, often somewhat pruinose, often covered with many blunt warts. The mature gall is hard (contrary to the gall of C. quercusfolii, that remains fleshy even at maturity) and has a rather large gall chamber that is connected with the base of the gall by a narrow tunnel.
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus frainetto, x hispanica, ilex, infectoria subsp. veneris, lusitanica, petraea, pubescens, pyrenaica, robur.
Mainly on Q pubescens.
on Quercus, sexual generation
gall
3-5 mm long ovoid gall derived from a dormant bud; the gall is green to red and densely red-hairy (Bellmann)
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Quercus pubescens.
synonyms
Dryophanta pubescentis Mayr, 1881.
inquilines
Synergus pallicornis, pallipes.
parasitoids, predators
Cyrtoptyx robustus; Eupelmus urozonus; Eurytoma brunniventris; Ormyrus nitidulus, pomaceus; Sycophila biguttata, iracemae; Torymus auratus, cyaneus.
references
Béguinot (2006b), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Buhr (1965a), Cerasa (2015a), Cogolludo (1921a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Hellrigl (2009a, 2010a, 2012a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Karaca & Katılmış (2020a), Katılmış & Kıyak (2008a), Kemal & Koçak (2010a), Kwast (2012a, 2014a), Marković (2014a, 2015a), Melika (2006a), Melika, Csóka & Pujade-Villar (2000a), Nieves-Aldrey (1984b, 2001a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Pujade-Villar, Kwast, Thuroczy & Bellido (2002a), Shachar, Melika, Inbar & Dorchin (2018a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2014a).