Isocolus lichtensteini (Mayr, 1882)

on Centaurea, Mantisalca

Isicolus lichtensteini gall

gal; (“Isocolus tavaresi”, from Nieves-Aldrey, 1984a)

gall

Hard swellings of the stem, irregular, fusiform, or globular in shape, op to 3 cm large, containing several gall chambers. Univoltine, hibernation and pupation in the gall.

host plants

Asteraceae, narrowly oligophagous

Centaurea aspera & subsp. stenophylla, melitensis, seridis subsp. sonchifolia, sicula, sphaerocephala; Mantisalca salmantica.

synonyms

Aulax lichtensteini; Isocolus ibericus Tavares, 1927; Aykax, Isocolus, latreillei auctorum; Isocolus tavaresi Nieves-Aldrey, 1984.

parasitoids, predators

Adontomerus crassipes; Eupelmus microzonus; Eurytoma aspila, cynipsea, strigifrons, timaspidis; Ormyrus gratiosus; Sycophila submutica.

references

Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Cobo, Ribes & Pujade-Villar (2016a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Houard (1909a), Melika (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1984a, 1994a, 2001a, 2012a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Pujade (1986a), Salas-Remón, Llimona, Lozano ao (2015a), Tavares (1905a).