Liposthenes glechomae (Linnaeus, 1758)
on Glechoma
Glechoma hederacea, Belgium, prov. Liège, Bernalmont, 9.viii.2010 © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Glechoma hederacea, Roggebotzand (Flevoland), 30.v.2011 © Hans Jonkman
same gall
Glechoma hederacea, Belgium, prov. Luxembourg, Marais de Louftémont-Vlessart, 29.v.2009 © Jean-Yves Baugnée: young galls
Glechoma hederacea, Rijssen, 31.v.2019 © Arnold Grosscurt: galling of the petiole.
Glechoma hederacea, Castricum, 25.v.2007; the hairs of the gall are multicellular; larva
larva in the gall
Glechoma hederacea, Eerbeek, Coldenhove, 13.vi.2014 © Arnold Grosscurt: The parenchyma around the gall chamber is not homogenous; in this (older?) gall it has been transformed in a number of strands between wall and gall chamber
gall chamber with larva
gall
Univoltine; hibernation and pupation in the gall.
host plants
Lamiaceae, monophagous
Glechoma hederacea, hirsuta.
synonyms
Aulax glechomae; Aulax, Liposthenes, latreillei Kieffer, 1898.
parasitoids, predators
Eupelmus atropurpureus, barai, vesicularis; Eurytoma trjapitzini;Glyphomerus tibialis; Phaenocytus glechomae; Sycophila submutica; Torymus cingulatus, rubi.
notes
Extremely numerous in some years, in other years hard to find (Bellmann, 2012a).
references
Andersen & Fjellberg (1977a),, Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a) Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964a), Chinery (2011a) Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Flügel (2016a), Fusu (2017a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a) , Groom (2011a), Hellrigl (2009a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1909a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2014a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Chevin (2003a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Nieves-Aldrey (1994a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Melika (2006a), O’Connor (2005b), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Stănescu (2009a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a), Viernes-Aldrey (2001a), Zerova & Klymenko (2018a).