Phanacis centaureae Förster, 1860

on Centaurea

gall

In the pith of hardly modified stems lie a number of hard-walled, elliptic gall chambers, c. 1 x 5 mm, each with one larva. Univoltine, hibernation and pupation in the gall.

host plants

Asteraceae, monophagous

Centaurea aspera, diffusa, jacea & subsp. weldeniana, nigra, ornata, phrygia subsp. stenolepis, pseudomaculosa, scabiosa & subsp. sadleriana, solstitialis, stoebe & subsp. australis, virgata subsp. squarrosa.

parasitoids, predators

Brasema stenus; Chlorocytus diversus; Eupelmus atropurpureus, barai, messene, microzonus, vesicularis; Eurytoma aspila, centaureae, cynipsea; Homoporus fulviventris, subniger; Idiomacromerus centaureae; Ormyrus wachtli; Pseuderimerus semiaeneus; Pteromalus hieracii; Sycophila mayri, submutica; Torymus chloromerus.

references

Andersen & Fjellberg (1977a), Askew, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2001a), Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Bowdrey (2009a), Buhr (1964a), Cobo, Ribes & Pujade-Villar (2016a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (197a), Doğanlar (2016b), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Fusu (2017a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Gomez & Nieves-Aldrey (2012a), Hellrigl (2009a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1909a), Melika (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1994a, 2001a, 2008a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Tomasi (2012a, 2014a).