Hypochaeris cf glabra, Spain, Montes de Toledo, Parque Nacional de Cabañeros © Sébastien Carbonnelle

Hypochaeris radicata © Roelof Jan Koops

gall

Conspicuous, up to 5 cm long swelling of the stem (sometime petiole), succulent at first, later hard, surfacece often wrinkled. Within c. 50 gall chambers, each with one larva. Univoltine, hibernation and pupation in the gall.

host plants

Asteraceae, monophagous

Hypochaeris achyrophorus, glabra, laevigata, radicata.

synonyms

Aulacidia, Aulax, hypochoeridis (hypochaeridis).

predators

Eupelmus vesicularis; Pteromalus hieracii.

notes

the larva is described by Gómez Sanchez (2008a).

references

Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Buhr (1964a), Cerasa (2015a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Dauhpin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Fuau (2017a), Gomez & Nieves-Aldrey (2012a), Gómez Sanchez (2008a), Hellrigl (2009a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1909a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2012a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Melika (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1984a, 2001a, 2008a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2014a).