Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer, 1887)
on Hypochaeris

Hypochaeris cf glabra, Spain, Montes de Toledo, Parque Nacional de Cabañeros © Sébastien Carbonnelle

Hypochaeris radicata © Roelof Jan Koops
gall
Conspicuous, up to 5 cm long swelling of the stem (sometime petiole), succulent at first, later hard, surfacece often wrinkled. Within c. 50 gall chambers, each with one larva. Univoltine, hibernation and pupation in the gall.
host plants
Asteraceae, monophagous
Hypochaeris achyrophorus, glabra, laevigata, radicata.
synonyms
Aulacidia, Aulax, hypochoeridis (hypochaeridis).
parasitoids, predators
Eupelmus atropurpureus, vesicularis, Eurytoma cynipsea, hypochoeridis, timaspidis; Glyphomerus tibialis; Homoporus subniger; Idiomacromerus urospermi; Leptomeraporus nicaee; Mesopolobus mediterraneus; Pseuderimerus urospermi; Pteromalus hieracii, vibulenus; Stinoplus etearchus; Syntomopus incisus; Thaumatorymus notanisoides.
notes
the larva is described by Gómez Sanchez (2008a).
references
Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Buhr (1964a), Cerasa (2015a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Dauhpin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Eady & Quinlan (1963a), Fusu (2017a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Gomez & Nieves-Aldrey (2012a), Gómez Sanchez (2008a), Hellrigl (2009a), Hellrigl & Bodur (2015a), Houard (1909a), Koops (2013a), Kwast (2012a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Melika (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1984a, 2001a, 2008a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2014a), Wiśniowski & Jirak-Leszczyńska (2021a).