Timaspis phoenixopodos Mayr, 1882

on Lactuca

Lactuca viminea, France, Drôme, Dieulefit, 26.vi.2021 © Zoé Tourrain

other specimens

terminal gall

fresh and an old gall

section through an old gall

gall (from Nieves-Aldrey, 1984a)

gall

Hard but spongy, ± fusiform swelling of the stem, 5-50 mm in size, containing ± 5-15 gall chambers of 1.5 x 3 mm. Univoltine, hibernation as a pupa in the gall.

host plants

Asteraceae, monophagous

Lactuca saligna, viminea.

synonyms

Phanacis phoenixopodos.

parasitoids, predators

Eupelmus confusus, barai, martellii, vesicularis; Eurytoma aspila, hypochoeridis, timaspidis; Homoporus fulviventris, subniger; Idiomacromerus papaveris; Ormyrus orientalis.

notes

the larva is described by Gómez Sanchez (2008a).

references

Askew, Plantard, Gómez, ao (2006a), Béguinot (2012a), Buhr (1964a), Cerasa (2015a), Cerasa, lo Verde & Massa (2014a), Cogolludo (1921a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Fusu (2017a), Gençer (2014a), Gómez, Hernández Nieves, Garrido Torres, ao (2006a), Gómez Sanchez (2008a), Hellrigl (2009a), Houard (1909a), Melika (2006a), Nieves-Aldrey (1084a, 2001a), Nieves-Aldrey & Askew (2002a), Nieves-Aldrey, Gómez, Hernández Nieves & Lobo (2006a), Pujade (1986a), Turrisi & Pagliano (2004a).