Alnus glutinosa, Orvelte: young mines with oviposition scars

mine

A large brownish blotch, without an initial corridor. Usually the mine starts near a vein exil, and expands towards the leaf margin. Th mine mostly remains enclosed by two thick lateral veins; only near the leaf margin (and especially in thin shadow leaves) the mine may trespass over the side veins. Often several mines in a leaf. The mine is upper surface, but quite deep. Especially when the larva is young not all tissue is eaten away, and the mine keeps a greenish tinge there. Contrary to Heterarthrus vagans, at least as common on the same host, the larva vacates the mine prior to pupation.

host plants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Alnus cordata, glutinosa, incana & subsp. rugosa, viridis & subsp. suaveolens.

phenology

According to van Frankenhuyzen (1970a) and Hart ao (1991a) there are three generations, with larvae in May-June, July, and August-September, but mines with young larvae may be found as late as November.

BENELUX

BE recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

NE recorded (van Ooststroom, 1976a).

LUX recorded (Chevin, Ellis & Schneider, 2011a).

distribution within Europe

Entire Europe, with possible exception of the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

synonyms

Fenusa dohrni.

parasitoids, predators

Chrysocharis pentheus; Sympiesis sericeicornis.

notes

The egg is deposited below the upper epidermis, where a low bulge develops as an oviposition scar. Contrary to Heterarthus vagans the scar doesn’t turn brown but keeps its green colour (van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks, 1970c).

Out of 800 specimens just one turned out to be a male; the species must, at least locally, be parthenogenetic (Altenhofer, 1980b).

references

Ahr (1966a), Altenhofer (1980b, 2003a), Beiger (1979a), Beneš & Holuša (2015a), Blank ao (1998a), Buhr (1933a, 1941a, 1964a), Chevin (1984a), Chevin, Ellis & Schneider (2011a), Drăghia (1968a, 1972a), van Frankenhuyzen (1970a), van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks (1970c), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Haase (1942a), Haris (2009a), Hart ao (1991a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1932a, 1957a), Hoop (1983a), Huber (1969a), Kirichenko, Augustin & Kenis (2018a), Kruse, Smith & Schiff (2010a), Kvičala (1938a), Liston (1995b, 2006a), Liston & Späth (2005a), Lorenz & Kraus (1957a), Maček (1999a, 2012c), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Nowakowski (1954a), van Ooststroom (1976a), Pieronek (1962a, 1973a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Robbins (1991a), Savina & Chevin (2012a), Savina, Liston, Boevé, ao (2013a), Scobiola-Palade (1974a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Smith (1971a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Taeger ao (1998a), Viramo (1969a), Wahlgren (1944a, 1951a, 1963a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).