Populus x canadensis, Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Mol, 22.vii.2014 © Carina Van Steenwinkel

Populus nigra, Bloedbergduin, 17.vii.2019 © Jan Scheffers: larva in opened mine

mine

Large, deep, upper-surface blotch that starts at the leaf margin, without an accumulation of frass. Around the oviposition site the leaf turns reddish brown. Frass in scattered grains, but towards the end of the larval period an opening is made in the mine, and both frass and exuvia are ejected. Against that time the mined leave is shed, and the larva makes a disk-shaped cocoon within the mine, in which it diapuases until the following spring.

host plants

Salicaceae, oligophagous

Populus alba, x canadensis, x canescens, carolinensis, nigra, tremula.

phenology

Larven in May – July (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

NE recorded (van Ooststroom, 1976a); rare.

LUX recorded (Chevin, Ellis & Schneider, 2011a).

distribution within Europe

From Scandinavia and Finland to the Pyrenees, Italy and Romania, and from Britain to the Ukraine (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

Thoracic feet reduced to triangular stumps; see Lorenz & Kraus (1957a) and Arru (1963a) for more details.

synonyms

Phyllotoma maxima (Strobl, 1896).

notes

Large mines produce female wasps, lesser ones males (Arru, 1963a).

references

Altenhofer (2003a), Arru (1963a), Blank ao (1998a), Buhr (1933a, 1941a, 1964a), Calmarsur & Özbek (2004a), Chevin (1987a, 1998a), Chevin, Ellis & Schneider (2011a), Drăghia (1968a, 1971a, 1972a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1923a, 1957a), Liston (1995b. 2006a), Liston, Mutanen & Viitasaari (2019a), Lorenz & Kraus (1957a), Macek (2012c), van Ooststroom (1976a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Robbins (1991a), Savina, Chevin & Liston (2014a), Scobiola-Palade (1974a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Stritt (1952a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Taeger ao (1998a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a), Viramo (1969a), Wahlgren (1944a, 1993), Zoerner (1969a), Zombori (1975a).