Profenusa pygmaea (Klug, 1816)
on Castanea, Quercus
Castanea sativa, Belgium, prov. Flemish Brabant, Lubeek, Pellenberg kliniek, 17.vii.2021 © Carina Van Steenwinkel
larva in the mine
Quercus petraea, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, 24.v.2018 © László Érsek
lighted from behind
opened mine with prepupa
Quercus cerris, Hungary, Budapest, Hűvösvölgy, 4.vii.2018 © László Érsek
Quercus rubra, Belgium, prov. Limburg, de Hoefaert-Lanaken, 27.vi.2015 © Carina Van Steenwinkel
the mine
the larva
Quercus robur, het Twiske, 23.vi.2005
same mine
Quercus palustris, Putten, Schovenhorst, 12.viii.2011; on this species the mines are unusually large, probably because the leaves are relatively thin.
mine
Upper surface blotch, often rather narrow where it begins, but without a real preceding corridor. Frass in gradually larger grains scattered in the mine. Never more than one larva in a mine. Pupation outside the mine.
host plants
Fagaceae, oligophagous
Castanea sativa; Quercus aliena, cerris, dalechampii, ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, palustris, petraea, pubescens, robur, rubra.
Buhr (1941a) remarks that all mines on sweet chestnut were unfinished. That may indicate that Castanea is not the real host plant.
phenology
Larvae in June – July (Hering, 1957a); one generation (Robbins, 1991a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
NE recorded (van Ooststroom, 1976a).
LUX recorded (Chevin, Ellis & Schneider, 2011a).
distribution within Europe
All of Europe, perhaps excluding the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
larva
synonyms
Fenusella pygmaea.
parasitoids, predators
Achrysocharoides cilla; Chrysocharis nitetis; Closterocerus trifasciatus; Pnigalio pectinicornis.
references
Altenhofer (2003a), Amsel & Hering (1931a), Beiger (1979a), Blank ao (1998a), Buhr (1933a, 1941a, 1964a), Chevin, Ellis & Schneider (2011a), Csóka (2003a), Drăghia (1968a, 1971a, 1972a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Haase (1942a), Haris (2012a), Hering (1924a, 1932f,g, 1934a, 1957a), Hoop (1983a), Huber (1969a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kvičala (1938a), Liston (1995b), Liston & Späth (2005a), Lorenz & Kraus (!957a), Maček (1999a, 2012c), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Meijer, Smit, Beukeboom & Schilthuizen (2012a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a), Nowakowski (1954a), van Ooststroom (1976a), Pieronek (1962a), Robbins (1991a), Scobiola-Palade (1974a), Skala (1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Stolnicu (2007a, 2008a), Starý (1930a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Taeger ao (1998a), Tomov & Dimitrov (2007a), Ureche (2010a), Viramo (1969a), Wahlgren (1944a, 1951a, 1063a), van Wielink (2020a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a), Zombori (1975a).