Profenusa pygmaea (Klug, 1816)

on Castanea, Quercus

Castanea sativa, Belgium, prov. Flemish Brabant, Lubeek, Pellenberg kliniek, 17.vii.2021 © Carina Van Steenwinkel

larva in the mine

Quercus petraea, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, 24.v.2018 © László Érsek

lighted from behind

opened mine with prepupa

Quercus cerris, Hungary, Budapest, Hűvösvölgy, 4.vii.2018 © László Érsek

Quercus rubra, Belgium, prov. Limburg, de Hoefaert-Lanaken, 27.vi.2015 © Carina Van Steenwinkel

the mine

the larva

Quercus robur, het Twiske, 23.vi.2005

same mine

Quercus palustris, Putten, Schovenhorst, 12.viii.2011; on this species the mines are unusually large, probably because the leaves are relatively thin.

mine

Upper surface blotch, often rather narrow where it begins, but without a real preceding corridor. Frass in gradually larger grains scattered in the mine. Never more than one larva in a mine. Pupation outside the mine.

host plants

Fagaceae, oligophagous

Castanea sativa; Quercus aliena, cerris, dalechampii, ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, palustris, petraea, pubescens, robur, rubra.

Buhr (1941a) remarks that all mines on sweet chestnut were unfinished. That may indicate that Castanea is not the real host plant.

phenology

Larvae in June – July (Hering, 1957a); one generation (Robbins, 1991a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

NE recorded (van Ooststroom, 1976a).

LUX recorded (Chevin, Ellis & Schneider, 2011a).

distribution within Europe

All of Europe, perhaps excluding the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

synonyms

Fenusella pygmaea.

parasitoids, predators

Achrysocharoides cilla; Chrysocharis nitetis; Closterocerus trifasciatus; Pnigalio pectinicornis.

references

Altenhofer (2003a), Amsel & Hering (1931a), Beiger (1979a), Blank ao (1998a), Buhr (1933a, 1941a, 1964a), Chevin, Ellis & Schneider (2011a), Csóka (2003a), Drăghia (1968a, 1971a, 1972a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Haase (1942a), Haris (2012a), Hering (1924a, 1932f,g, 1934a, 1957a), Hoop (1983a), Huber (1969a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kvičala (1938a), Liston (1995b), Liston & Späth (2005a), Lorenz & Kraus (!957a), Maček (1999a, 2012c), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Meijer, Smit, Beukeboom & Schilthuizen (2012a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a), Nowakowski (1954a), van Ooststroom (1976a), Pieronek (1962a), Robbins (1991a), Scobiola-Palade (1974a), Skala (1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Stolnicu (2007a, 2008a), Starý (1930a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Taeger ao (1998a), Tomov & Dimitrov (2007a), Ureche (2010a), Viramo (1969a), Wahlgren (1944a, 1951a, 1063a), van Wielink (2020a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a), Zombori (1975a).