Scolioneura betuleti (Klug, 1816)
Betula pendula, Hungary, Kimle, 27.v.2018 © László Érsek
the frass of mining sawflies is dry and does not stick to the walls of the mine; it accumulates at the lowest point like grains of pepper in an envelope.
larva, dorsal and ventral
head and pronotum dorsal
head and sternum
legs
terminal part of abdomen, ventral
do, lateral
Betula pubescens, Aalten, 24.v.2002
Betula pubescens, Diemen, 28.v.2015 © Berend de Vries: mass occurrence
Betula pendula, Castricum: very young mine, 9.v.2011
Betula pendula, Beegder Heide, 14.x.2001
Alnus viridis, Scotland, Orkney @ Derek Mayes
larva
mine
Large, transparent, in fresh condition pale green blotch that begins at the leaf margin, without an accumulation of frass.
host plants
Betulaceae, oligophagous
Alnus viridis; Betula alleghaniensis, ermanii, humilis, obscura, papyrifera, pendula, pubescens.
The occurrence on Alnus viridis is understandable, because this species is considered an intergeneric hybrid between Alnus and Betula. The reference by Maček (1999a) of Alnus glutinosa, however, is quite surprising.
phenology
Univoltine. Larvae in August – October.
BENELUX
BE recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
NE waargenomen (van Ooststroom, 1976a).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe, with possible exception of Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
larva
synonyms
Scolioneura betulae (Zaddach, 1859); S. vicina Konow, 1894.
notes
Especially numerous on seedlings.
references
Ahr (1966a), Altenhofer (2003a), Altenhofer, Hellrigl & Mörl (2001a), Altenhofer & Taeger (1998a), Beiger (1979a), Beneš & Holuša (2015a), Blank ao (1998a), Buhr (1933a, 1941a, 1964a), Chevin, Ellis & Schneider (2011a), Digweed ao (2009a), Edmunds (2008a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Haarder & Liston (2018a), Haase (1942a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1927b, 1937c, 1957a), Hoop (1983a), Huber (1969a), Kirichenko, Augustin & Kenis (2018a), Kollár (2007a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kozlov, van Nieukerken, Zverev & Zvereva (2013a), Leppänen, Altenhofer, Liston & Nyman (2012a), Liston (1993b, 1995b), Liston, Mutanen, Heidemaa, ao (2022a), Liston & O’Connor (2005a), Lorenz & Kraus (1957a), Maček (1999a, 2012c), Martínez de Murguía, Angeles Vázquez & Nieves-Aldrey (2004a), Nowakowski (1954a), Nyman, Zinovjev, Vikberg & Farrell (2006a), van Ooststroom (1976a), Pieronek (1962a), Pieronek & Soltyk (1993a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Pschorn-Walcher & Taeger (1995), Ripper (1931a), Robbins (1991a), Roller & Macek (2017a), Savina & Chevin (2012a), Schedl (1976a, 2006a), Scobiola-Palade (1974a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Taeger, Blank & Liston (2006a), Taeger ao (1998a), Tuomi, Niemelä & Mannila (1981a), Viramo (1969a), Wahlgren (1944a, 1951a, 1963a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a), ombori (1978a).