Euura pedunculi (Hartig, 1837)
on Salix
Salix caprea, Dronten, Roggebotsebos, 12.vii.2020 © Arnold Grosscurt
opened gall with vacated cocoon
Salix cinerea, France, Normandie, dép. Manche, Pontorson, 16.vi.2018 © Arnold Grosscurt
the gall, completely eaten out and filled with frass granules
Salix aurita, Zeewolde, Harderbos. 2.viii.2008 © Arnold Grosscurt: upper side
same gall, underside
Salix caprea, Biddinghuizen, Spijk- en Bremerbergbos, 10.vii.2016 © Hans Jonkman
gall
Globular gall, attached at one point to the underside of the leaf blade. Variously hairy, often warty; green to red-cheeked. Univoltine.
host plants
Salicaceae, narrowly monophagous
Salix aurita, caprea, caprea x phylicifolia, starkeana & subsp. cinerascens, silesiaca.
Not on S. cinerea!
synonyms
Pontania, pedunculi; P. bella (Zaddach, 1876); P. gallarum auct.
parasitoids, predators
Eupelmus gemellus; Pteromalus capreae, dolichurus.
note
Member of the Euura viminalis species group.
Probably as a general rule the fully grown larvae leave the gall to pupate in the soil, and the picture above, showing a cocoon in a gall, present an exceptional situation. That indeed species of this genus are capable to spin a cocoon within the gall is testified by Euura lasiolepis, a North American mountainous species, that hibernates in the gall (Price & Craig).
references
Altenhofer, Hellrigl & Mörl (2001a), Askew (1985a), Béguinot (2006a,c, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Beneš (2015a), Beneš & Holuša (2015a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Boevé, Peter, Jacobs, ao (2009a), Buhr (1965a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin Aniotsbehere (1997a), Dietrich (2016a), Ecott (2012a), Flügel (2016a), Houard (1908a), Kofler & Schedl (2014a), Koops (2013a), Kopelke (1999a), Lambinon, Schneider & Chevin (2003a), Lehmann Hannover (2016a), Liston (2006a), Liston, Heibo, Prous ao (2017a), Liston & Späth (2005a), Máca (2012a), Macek (2012a), Mol (2012a)l Price & Craig (1984a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Redfern (2009a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roller, Beneš, Blank ao (2006a), Roskam (2009a),Savina, Chevin & Liston (2014a), Tomasi (2014a), Vikberg & Zinovjev (2006a).