Euura proxima (Serville, 1823)

on Salix

Salix alba, Nieuwendam: upperside

underside

transverse section

Salix x fragilis, Nieuwendam; the young larva is remarkably small compared to the size of the gall

Salix alba, Nederhorst den Berg; larva

terminal abdomen segments

Salix alba, Vreeland, Lambertskade: galls form a breeding ground for fungi

parasite

Up to 20 galls in a leaf; they are bright reddish above, yellow or pink below. The surface usually covered with small ridges or protuberances. Generally bivoltine.

host plants

Salicaceae, monophagous

Salix alba, x blanda, babylonica, x fragilis, excelsa, pentandra.

In a botanical garden also Salix nigra (Groom).

larva

Third abdominal segment with 4 dorsal annulets. Suranal plate with widely spaced pseudocerci.

synonyms

Pontania proxima; Nematus, Pontania, gallicola Stephens, 1835.

inquilines

Archarius salicivorus, ? A. crux; Euphranta toxoneura.

parasitoids, predators

Pnigalio agraules, nemati, soemius, xerophilus; Pseudotorymus salicis; Pteromalus dolichurus.

note

Member of the Euura proxima species group.

unusual galls

Normally the underside of the galls is more or less smooth and cylindrical. Contrariwise, the pictures below show a leaf where the undersides of the galls are conicical, apparently with a pore at the tip. On the internet several more pictures can be found with similar galls, indicating that it is not an isolated phenomenon. An explanation cannot be given. On opening of the galls no inquilines were found.

Salix x fragilis, Haren 19.viii.2017 © Arnold Grosscurt<

same leaf, underside

detail

references

Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Altenhofer, Hellrigl & Mörl (2001a), Askew (1985a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002d,e,f,h, 2003a, 2005a, 2006a,c, 2007b, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Beneš (2015a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Boevé, Peter, Jacobs, ao (2009a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1965a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Flügel (2016a), Georgiev, Ljubomirov & Petrov (2002a), Groom (2011a), Gyurkovics & Haris (2012a), Haris (2009a, 2012a), Hellrigl (2004b), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kollár (2011a), Koops (2013a), Kopelke (1999a, 2005a), Lehmann & Flügel (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Liston & Jacobs (2012a), Liston, Jacobs & Prous (2015a), Liston, Heibo, Prous ao (2017a), Liston & Späth (2008a), Mol (2013a), Perović, Merdić & Perović (2006a), Popescu (2003a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Savina & Chevin (2012a), Schedl (2011a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a).