Euura proxima (Serville, 1823)
on Salix
Salix x fragilis, Millingerwaard. Galls on sunny leaves have their upperside often wine red.
Salix alba, Nieuwendam: upperside
underside
transverse section
Salix x fragilis, Nieuwendam; the young larva is remarkably small compared to the size of the gall
Salix alba, Nederhorst den Berg; larva
terminal abdomen segments
Salix alba, Vreeland, Lambertskade: galls form a breeding ground for fungi
parasite
Up to 20 galls in a leaf; they are bright reddish above, yellow or pink below. The surface usually covered with small ridges or protuberances. Generally bivoltine.
host plants
Salicaceae, monophagous
Salix alba, x blanda, babylonica, x fragilis, excelsa, pentandra.
In a botanical garden also Salix nigra (Groom).
larva
Third abdominal segment with 4 dorsal annulets. Suranal plate with widely spaced pseudocerci.
inquilines
Archarius salicivorus, ? A. crux; Euphranta toxoneura.
synonyms
Pontania proxima; Nematus, Pontania, gallicola Stephens, 1835.
note
Member of the Euura proxima species group.
unusual galls
Normally the underside of the galls is more or less smooth and cylindrical. Contrariwise, the pictures below show a leaf where the undersides of the galls are conicical, apparently with a pore at the tip. On the internet several more pictures can be found with similar galls, indicating that it is not an isolated phenomenon. An explanation cannot be given. On opening of the galls no inquilines were found.
Salix x fragilis, Haren 19.viii.2017 © Arnold Grosscurt<
same leaf, underside
detail
references
Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Altenhofer, Hellrigl & Mörl (2001a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002d,e,f,h, 2003a, 2005a, 2006a,c, 2007b, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Beneš (2015a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1965a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Flügel (2016a), Groom (2011a), Haris (2009a), Hellrigl (2004b), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kollár (2011a), Koops (2013a), Kopelke (1999a, 2005a), Lehmann & Flügel (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Liston, Jacobs & Prous (2015a), Liston, Heibo, Prous ao (2017a), Mol (2013a), Perović, Merdić & Perović (2006a), Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer (2000a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Savina & Chevin (2012a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a).