Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)

peppered moth

on broadleaved trees, etc.

parasite

Larvae freely on the leaves.

host plants

polyphagous

Acer; Alnus glutinosa; Artemisia vulgaris; Bergenia crassifolia; Betula pendula, pubescens; Buddleja davidii; Carpinus betulus; Castanea sativa; Cornus sanguinea; Corylus avellana; Cotoneaster; Crataegus monogyna; Cytisus scoparius; Fagus sylvatica; Frangula alnus; Fraxinus excelsior; Hippophae rhamnoides; Juglans regia; Medicago sativa; Platanus; Populus x canadensis, tremula; Prunus cocomimia, domestica subsp. insititia, spinosa;Pyrus communis; Quercus robur; Robinia pseudoacacia; Rosa canina; Rubus fruticosus, idaeus; Salix caprea, cinerea, x fragils, viminalis; Sanguisorba officinalis; Sorbus aucuparia; Tamarix gallica; Tilia; Ulmus; Urtica dioica.

phenology

Hibernation as pupa.

distribution within Europe

PESI (2021).

egg, larva, pupa

see Gomez de Aizpúrua, Lepiforum, Patočka, Pyrgus.

references

Cobos Suarez (1988a), Ebert (ed., 2003a), Gomez de Aizpúrua (1987a), Hausmann & Scalercio (2016a), King & González-Estébanez (2015a), Koren, Vukotić & Črne (2015a), Lepiforum (2021), Nunes (2021a), Patočka (2004a), pyrgus.de (2023), Vegliante & Zilli (2007a), Wirooks & Theissen (1999a), Žikić, Ritt, Colacci, ao (2019a).