Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
peppered moth
on broadleaved trees, etc.
parasite
Larvae freely on the leaves.
host plants
polyphagous
Acer; Alnus glutinosa; Artemisia vulgaris; Bergenia crassifolia; Betula pendula, pubescens; Buddleja davidii; Carpinus betulus; Castanea sativa; Cornus sanguinea; Corylus avellana; Cotoneaster; Crataegus monogyna; Cytisus scoparius; Fagus sylvatica; Frangula alnus; Fraxinus excelsior; Hippophae rhamnoides; Juglans regia; Medicago sativa; Platanus; Populus x canadensis, tremula; Prunus cocomimia, domestica subsp. insititia, spinosa;Pyrus communis; Quercus robur; Robinia pseudoacacia; Rosa canina; Rubus fruticosus, idaeus; Salix caprea, cinerea, x fragils, viminalis; Sanguisorba officinalis; Sorbus aucuparia; Tamarix gallica; Tilia; Ulmus; Urtica dioica.
phenology
Hibernation as pupa.
distribution within Europe
PESI (2021).
egg, larva, pupa
see Gomez de Aizpúrua, Lepiforum, Patočka, Pyrgus.
references
Cobos Suarez (1988a), Ebert (ed., 2003a), Gomez de Aizpúrua (1987a), Hausmann & Scalercio (2016a), King & González-Estébanez (2015a), Koren, Vukotić & Črne (2015a), Lepiforum (2021), Nunes (2021a), Patočka (2004a), pyrgus.de (2023), Vegliante & Zilli (2007a), Wirooks & Theissen (1999a), Žikić, Ritt, Colacci, ao (2019a).