Orthosia cruda (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

small quaker

on Quercus, etc.

parasite

Larvae freely on the leaves.

host plants

polyphagous

Acer; Betula; Carpinus betulus; Crataegus; Fagus sylvatica; Lonicera; Malus domestica; Populus; Prunus domestica, serotina, spinosa; Quercus cerris, frainetto, infectoria, petraea, robur, rotundifolia; Rubus fruticosus, idaeus; Salix caprea; Tilia tomentosa; Trifolium alpestre; Ulmus.

distribution within Europe

PESI (2021).

egg, larva, pupa

see Dolinskaya, Lepiforum, Pyrgus.

synonyms

Monima cruda; Taemniocampa pulverulenta (Esper, 1786).

parasitoids, predators

Eulophus larvarum, ramicornis; Euplectrus carinifer.

references

Bouček (1959a), Corley, Nunes, Rosete & Ferreira (2019a), Dapporto (1998a), Dolinskaya (2010a), Ebert (ed., 1998a), Jakšić (2018a), Koren, Vukotić & Črne (2015a), Kravchenko, Fibiger, Mooser, ao (2007a), Lepiforum (2021), Meijer, Smit, Beukeboom & Schilthuizen (2012a), Peslier (2002a), Pyrgus (2021), Stojanović, Ćurčić, Orlović & Galić (2011a), Turčáni, Patočka & Kulfan (2010a), Vegliante & Zilli (2007a), Žikić, Ritt, Colacci, ao (2019a).