Epascestria pustulalis (Hübner, 1823)
mine
Large, full depth, brownish, inflated blotch with a mass of frass in its central part. Mine mostly positioned against the midrib. Pupation within the mine; the pupa lies, without a cocoon, in the inflated central part of the mine.
host plants
Boraginaceae, oligophagous
Anchusa officinalis, strigosa; Echium.
Anchusa seems the most important host plant.
phenology
Larvae in May (Drăghia, 1968b).
BENELUX
Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
Largest part of Europe, but seems to be missing in the west (not in Norway, the British Isles, Benelux, France, Portugal) (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
Illustrated by Drăghia (1968b). Body grey; head black; prothoracic shield black, with a white median line; pinacula conspicuous, black; thoracic feet black.
pupa
See Patočka, Patočka & Turčáni.
synonyms
Phyloctaenodes punctulalis.
references
Amsel & Hering (1931a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Drăghia (1968b, 1972a), Hering (1957a), Maček (1999a), Mazurkiewicz, Tumialis & Pezowicz (2013a), Patočka (2001c), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Skala (1951b), Starý (1930a), Szőcs (1977a).