Epascestria pustulalis (Hübner, 1823)

mine

Large, full depth, brownish, inflated blotch with a mass of frass in its central part. Mine mostly positioned against the midrib. Pupation within the mine; the pupa lies, without a cocoon, in the inflated central part of the mine.

host plants

Boraginaceae, oligophagous

Anchusa officinalis, strigosa; Echium.

Anchusa seems the most important host plant.

phenology

Larvae in May (Drăghia, 1968b).

BENELUX

Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Largest part of Europe, but seems to be missing in the west (not in Norway, the British Isles, Benelux, France, Portugal) (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

Illustrated by Drăghia (1968b). Body grey; head black; prothoracic shield black, with a white median line; pinacula conspicuous, black; thoracic feet black.

pupa

See Patočka, Patočka & Turčáni.

synonyms

Phyloctaenodes punctulalis.

references

Amsel & Hering (1931a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Drăghia (1968b, 1972a), Hering (1957a), Maček (1999a), Mazurkiewicz, Tumialis & Pezowicz (2013a), Patočka (2001c), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Skala (1951b), Starý (1930a), Szőcs (1977a).