Assara terebrella (Zincken, 1818)

dark spruce knot-horn

on Picea, etc.

parasite

Larvae in the cones, feeding on the seeds; here also the pupation.

host plants

Pinaceae, monophagous

Abies alba; Picea abies.

phenology

Hibernation as larva

distribution within Europe

(PESI, 2020).

egg, larva, pupa

see Schmid.

references

Fiumi (2019a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ellis (2007a), Murria Beltrán & Ibarra Ibáñez (2008a), Schmid (2019a), Schütze (1931a), Seifert, Wermelinger & Schneider (2003a), Skrzypczyńska (1982a).