Nephopterix angustella (Hübner, 1796)
spindle knot-horn
on spindle, (sweet chestnut)
parasite
The larva bores in the fruits, moving from one fruit to the other. Silk connecting the fruits, bore holes and extruded orange frass betrays its presence. Pupation in an elongated white cocoon among the fruits or on the ground.
host plants
Celastraceae, ± monofaag
Euonymus europaeus.
An observation by Roesler on Castanea sativa probably is exceptional.
phenology
Univoltine; hibernation as larva or pupa in the cocoon.
distribution within Europe
references
Corley, Merckx, Marabuto ao (2013a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2004a), De Prins (2003b, 2004a), Roesler (0000b), Vávra (2016a), Vegliante & Zilli (2007a).