Synanthedon scoliaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789)
welsh clearwing
on Betula
parasite
The larva makes ascending tunnels between the bark and wood of mature or declining trees with broken branches. Pupation in the gallery, in a tough cocoon. Exit opening ± 5 mm.
host plants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula pendula, pubescens.
phenology
The larva lives two or three years.
distribution within Europe
larva, pupa
Larva and pupa are extensively described by Bąkowski.
references
Bachelard (2014a), Bąkowski (2013b), Bąkowski, Celadyn, Hołowiński & Zajda (2011a), Bartsch (1992a), Bland (1989a), Ebert (ed, 1997a), Kusdas & Reichl (eds, 1974a), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2001a, 2014c, 2019a), Predovnik (2018a), Pühringer (1998a, 2000a), Sage (2005a).