Synanthedon stomoxiformis (Hübner, 1790)
buckthorn clearwing
primarily on Frangula, Rhamnus
parasite
The larva lives in a broad flat room just below the bark of the root crown. The gallery is so short the one supposes the larva to live of the sap of the tree. Pupation in a silken tube to the soil surface near the stem.
host plants
Rhamnaceae, almost oligophagous
Frangula alnus; Rhamnus alaternus, cathartica, pallasii, saxatilis.
Also found once on Crataegus. Ebert (ed., 1997a) states that observation from any other plant are erroneous. Nevertheless, Gassmann ao still mention Sorbus aria and Corylus avellana.
distribution within Europe
phenology
The larva lives for two years.
larva, pupa
Larva and pupa are extensively described by Bąkowski.
references
Bachelard (2014a), Bąkowski (2013b), Bartsch (1992a), Corley (2005a), Ebert (ed., 1997a), Gassmann, Tosevski, Appleton ao (2006a), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2001a, 2014c), Pühringer (2004a).