Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schffermüller, 1775)
thistle bell
on Asteraceae
gall
larvae (caterpillars, with yellowish brown head) bore in the stem and underground parts. They hibernate in the upper section of their gallery and pupate there in spring. The plant can show a local swelling or shortening of the internodes.
host plants
Asteraceae, oligophagous
Arctium; Carduus nutans; Carlina acaulis; Centaurea jacea, nemoralis, nigra; Cirsium palustre, vulgare; Senecio.
larva
body reddish brown; head, prothoracic and anal plates and thoracic feet dark brown (Swatschek). See also Schmid.
pupa
See Patočka & Turčáni.
synonyms
Epiblema scutulanum; E. luctuosana Duponchel, 1835; E. pflugiana (Haworth, 1811)
references
Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1979a), Buhr (1964a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Disqué (1905a), Fazekas (2009a), Hancock & Bland (2015b), Houard (1909a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Roskam (2009a), Schmid (2019a), Schütze (1931a), Swatschek (1958a), Szőcs (1977a).