Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schffermüller, 1775)

thistle bell

on Asteraceae

gall

larvae (caterpillars, with yellowish brown head) bore in the stem and underground parts. They hibernate in the upper section of their gallery and pupate there in spring. The plant can show a local swelling or shortening of the internodes.

host plants

Asteraceae, oligophagous

Arctium; Carduus nutans; Centaurea jacea, nemoralis, nigra; Cirsium palustre, vulgare; Senecio.

larva

body reddish brown; head, prothoracic and anal plates and thoracic feet dark brown (Swatschek).

pupa

See Patočka & Turčáni.

synonyms

Epiblema scutulanum; E. luctuosana Duponchel, 1835; E. pflugiana (Haworth, 1811)

references

Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1979a), Buhr (1964a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Disqué (1905a), Fazekas (2009a), Hancock & Bland (2015b), Houard (1909a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Roskam (2009a), Schütze (1931a), Swatschek (1958a), Szőcs (1977a).