Epinotia immundana (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1839)

common birch bell

on Alnus, Betula

gall

From autumn till spring the larve lives in a male catkin, causing it to deform somewhat. Eventually the larva moves to a developing bud.

host plants

Betulaceae, oligophagous

Alnus glutinosa; Betula.

synonyms

Epiblema immundana.

references

Buhr (1964a), Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1979a), Disqué (1905a).