Epinotia tedella (Clerck, 1759)

common spruce bell

Picea abies, Belgium, prov. Namen, Graide-Station © Jean-Yves Baugnée

another aspect

mine

The larva completely mines a group of c. 15 needles. The larva penetrates the base the needles. Most frass is deposited outside the mines. The mined needles are surrounded by a light spinning, especially around their bases, therefore do not drop quickly. Pupation external.

host plants

Pinaceae, monophagous

Picea abies.

phenology

Larvae from August till October; hibernation as full fed larva (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Almost all Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

Larva light brown or dirty white with two reddish brown subdorsal lines. Head and pronotum dark brown, anal plate greyish brown. Prolegs with c. 20 crochets in a single row (Bradley ao, 1979a; Swatschek, 1958a).

synonyms

Epiblema tedella.

references

Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1979a), Buhr (1935b), Disqué (1905a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hering (1957a), Koch (1928a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1935b), Sefrová (2005a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Swatschek (1958a), Szőcs (1977a), Thomann (1956a).