Epinotia tedella (Clerck, 1759)
common spruce bell
Picea abies, Belgium, prov. Namen, Graide-Station © Jean-Yves Baugnée
another aspect
mine
The larva completely mines a group of c. 15 needles. The larva penetrates the base the needles. Most frass is deposited outside the mines. The mined needles are surrounded by a light spinning, especially around their bases, therefore do not drop quickly. Pupation external.
host plants
Pinaceae, monophagous
Picea abies.
phenology
Larvae from August till October; hibernation as full fed larva (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
Almost all Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
Larva light brown or dirty white with two reddish brown subdorsal lines. Head and pronotum dark brown, anal plate greyish brown. Prolegs with c. 20 crochets in a single row (Bradley ao, 1979a; Swatschek, 1958a).
synonyms
Epiblema tedella.
references
Bradley, Tremewan & Smith (1979a), Buhr (1935b), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hering (1957a), Koch (1928a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Robbins (1991a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Swatschek (1958a), Szőcs (1977a).