Epinotia tenerana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
nut-bud moth
on Alnus, Corylus
Corylus avellana, Flevoland, Reve-Abbertbos © Hans Jonkman; mid February
extruded frass
Corylus avellana, Loenen (Ge) © Arnold Grosscurt: broken catkin: the head of the larva is just visible
larva
Corylus avellana. Zeewolde, Harderbos © Hans Jonkman: occupied leaf bud
gall
From autumn till spring the larve lives in a male catkin, causing it to deform somewhat. Eventually the larva moves to a developing bud, entering from the base.
host plants
Betulaceae, oligophagous
Alnus glutinosa; Corylus avellana.
larva, pupa
Pictures on Lepiforum; see also Patočka & Turčáni.
synonyms
Epiblema, Epinotia, penkleriana auctorum.
references
Lepiforum (2020), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Swatschek (1958a), Thomann (1956a).