Rhamnus frangula, Hilvarenbeek

case

Lobe case. The full grown case is about 7 mm long. The mouth angle is 0°, causing the case to lie flat on the leaf. The case is gradually enlarged by the addition of rings that are cut out of the epidermis. The rings become gradually larger, and stick irregularly out ouf the contour of the case. The rings are cut out of the lower epidermis of the mine. This implies that mines may have both normal, small openings, and large ones. Compare for instance C. violacea, that cuts rings out of the upper epidermis.

host plants

Narrowly polyphagous, on woody plants

Cornus mas, sanguinea; Frangula alnus; Lonicera alpigena, chrysantha, nigra, xylosteum; Rhamnus cathartica; Symphoricarpos albus; Viburnum lantana.

References to Alnus glutinosa; Carpinus betulus; Corylus avellana; Geum rivale; Potentilla; Prunus cerasus; Rubus plicatus; Tilia cordata & platyphyllos almost certainly are due to confusion with Coleophora potentillae or C. violacea.

phenology

Full grown cases already in autumn. In Britain the larva lives two years; if this also applies to the Continent is not known (Emmet ao, 1996a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Europe, excluding Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

references

Ahr (1966a), Baldizzone (1988b), Biesenbaum & van der Wolf (1999a), Buhr (1964a), Emmet ao (1996a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1957a, 1960a, 1963a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Huisman, Koster, Muus & van Nieukerken (2013a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ellis (2007a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2004a), Ivinskis & Savenkov (1991a), Kasy (1983a, 1987a), Klimesch (1950c), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Maček (1999a), Michna (1975a), van Nieukerken, Gielis, Huisman ao (1993a), Nowakowski (1954a), Patzak (1974a), De Prins (2010a), Razowski (199a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Stolnicu (2007a, 2008a), Suire (1961a), Surányi (1942a), Szőcs (1977a, 1981a), Toll (1952a, 1962a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a), Wieser (2008a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).