from Toll (1962a)

from Kyrki & Viramo: youth case and final case

case

Spatulate leaf case, about 8 mm long, with a mouth angle around 45°; its colour is quite dark, making the case difficult to find. During its first summer the larve lives as a miner, making a gallery that is difficult to distinguish from a Stigmella mine; the larve then hibernates in the mine. In the second summer the gallery is continued, but then is clearly wider than previously. After some time the gallery approaches the leaf margin, and a youth case is cut out of the last mined section (a and b in the figure above). The larva then makes normal fleck mines (e, f), out of wich a at some time the final case is cut (c, d).

hostplants

Ericaceae, monophagous

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

phenology

The larva lives two seasons. In the first autumn it lives in a mine, where also the first winter is passed. Then the gallery is widened and a case is cut out of it in which he feeds is spring, aestivates, feeds in autumn, and passes a second winter. In his second spring a new case is made, and the larva feeds actively until April, May, when it is full-grown (Emmet ao, 2009; Schotland).

BENELUX

Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

From Fennoscandia to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Britain to Poland (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

references

Baldizzone & Buvat (1983a), Baldizzone & van der Wolf (2000a), Emmet, Langmaid, Bland ao (1996a), Heckford & Beavan (2018a), Hering (1957a), Ivinskis & Savenkov (1991a), Kyrki & Viramo (1975a), Klimesch (1950c), Meder (1934a), Patzak (1974a), Razowski (1990a), Sønderup (1949a), Toll (1962a).