Pancalia leeuwenhoekella (Linnaeus, 1761)

violet cosmet

on violets

parasite

The young larva bores in the petiole, while frass is ejected. Older larvae live in in a spinnibg at the outside out the roots.

host plants

Violaceae, monophagous

Viola canina, hirta, tricolor.

distribution within Europe

(PESI, 2019).

references

Emmet & Langmaid (2002b), Huemer (2012a), Huisman & Koster (1999a), Klimesch (1960a), Koster (1991a), Koster & Sinev (2003a), Robbins (1991a), Šumpich, Žemlička & Dvořák (2013a), Szőcs (1977a).