Agonopterix carduella (Hübner, 1817)
thistle flat-body
mine
A conspicuous, elongated, large, whitish upper-surface blotch, extending on both sides of the mid-rib; most of the frass is ejected; pupation external (Robbins, 1991a).
host plants
Asteraceae, broadly oligophagous
Arctium; Carduus defloratus; Centaurea jacea, nigra; Cirsium arvense, eriophorum, helenioides, vulgare.
phenology
Larvae from late May till early July (Harper ao, 2002a).
BENELUX
Not known from the Benelux countries (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
From Britain, Germany and Estonia to the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, Italy, and Montenegro (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
In the early stages the larvae are yellow-green (also the pinacula and anal plate; head and prothoracic plate black. Later instars look different, see Fetz, Harper ao, Rymarczyk, Dutheil & Nel.
pupa
Described by Patočka & Turčáni (2005a).
references
Fetz (1994a), Gerstberger (2000a), Hannemann (1995a), Harper, Langmaid & Emmet (2002a), Haslberger, Grünewald, Lichtmannecker, ao (2012a), Hering (1924a, 1957a), Klimesch (1959a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Robbins (1991a), Rymarczyk, Dutheil & Nel (2013a), Skala (1950a), Šumpich, Žemlička & Dvořák (2013a), Szőcs (1977a), Thomann (1956a), Wieser & Huemer (1997a).