Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg, 1794)
six-spot crest
Chenopodium album, Nieuwendam, 22.viii.2001; vacated mines
Halimione sp., Belgium, prov. West Flanders, Knokke, © Chris Snyers, 10.xi.2012: in these fleshy leaves the appearance of the mine is quite different
Halimione portulacoides, Belgium, prov. West Flanders, het Zwin, 1.xi.2017 © Stéphane Claerebout
mine lighted from behind
larva
Chenopodium album, Nieuwendam, 28.vii.2003. The mine at left still shows something of the initial zigzag corridor. The larva at left has died before it was able to make a blotch; it looks like to corridor it made became so quickly filled with callus that it perished because of space to move.
mine
Oviposition at the underside of the leaf. The mine begins as a short zigzagging corridor, that very soon becomes overrun by a large, perfectly transparent blotch. Frass in a big black central lump. In fresh mines something like primary feeding lines is recognisable, normally seen only in Diptera mines. Pupation external, exit a rather untidy hole.
host plants
Amaranthaceae, oligophagous
Amaranthus blitum, caudatus; Atriplex calotheca, hortensis, littoralis, patula, prostrata, sagittata, sibirica, tatarica; Bassia scoparia; Chenopodiastrum hybridum, murale; Chenopodium album, bonus-henricus, giganteum, glaucum, opulifolium, quinoa, urbicum, vulvaria; Halimione portulacoides; Lipandra polysperma; Spinacia.
phenology
Larvae in June and in September – October (Bland ao, 2002a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009)
LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach)
distribution within Europe
All Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
pupa
Described by Patočka (1997a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a).
synonyms
Microsetia sexguttella; Chrysopora naeviferella (Duponchel, 1843), C. stipella auct.
parasitoids, predators
references
Ahr (1966a), Beiger (1955a, 1970a, 1979a), Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Borkowski (1973a), Buhr (1935a,b, 1964a), Corley (2005a), Csóka (2003a), Dobreanu (1937a), Drăghia (1967a, 1968a, 1970a, 1971a, 1972a, 1974a), Elsner, Huemer & Tokár (1999a), Fazekas & Schreurs (2010a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1924a, 1932g, 1957a), ten Holt & Kuchlein (2006a), Huber (1969a), Huertas Dionisio (2002a, 2007a), Huisman, Koster, Muus & van Nieukerken (2013a), Huisman, Koster, van Nieukerken & Ulenberg (2003a), Kaitila (1996a), Klimesch (1950c, 1958a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kvičala (1938a), Lhomme (1934c), Maček (1999a), Michalska (1970a, 1976a), Nowakowski (1954a), Parenti & Varalda (2000a), Patočka (1997a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Popescu-Gorj & Drăghia (1966a), De Prins & Steeman (2013a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Skala (1950a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Stolnicu (2007a, 2008a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a), Ureche (2010a), Utech (1962a), Yegorenkova & Yefremova (2012a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a, 1975a).