Monochroa tetragonella (Stainton, 1885)
common plain neb
mine
In autumn the larva mines a number of the upper leaves completely out, migrating through the stem from one leaf to another. The mined leaves contain much dense, black frass. After the hibernation the larve lives as a stem borer. Infested plant parts turn pale and wilt.
host plants
Primulaceae, monophagous
Glaux maritima.
phenology
Larvae from September till April.
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2011).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2011).
LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2011).
distribution within Europe
From Fennoscandia and North Russia to Belgium and Germany, and from Britain to South Russia (Fauna Europaea, 2011).
larva
Body crimson reddish, with minute black pinacula; head ochreous-yellow; prothoracic plate dark brown (Bland ao).
synonyms
Aristotelia, Monochroa, Xystophora gudmanni Larsen, 1927 (?)
notes
The synonymy is probable (on the basis of the descriptions of the biology), but I have not found a definite confirmation in the literature. Hering (1957a) cites Rebel as the author of gudmanni, but this may be due to confusion with Depressaria gudmanni, a very different species.
references
Bland, Corley, Emmet ao (2002a), Hering (1930b, 1957a), Huisman & Koster (1994a), Huisman, Kuchlein, van Nieukerken ao (1986a), Kaitila 1996a), Rickert (2010a, 2011a), Skala (1950a), Sønderup (1949a), Wegner (2010a).