Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller, 1848
oak bent-wing
Quercus robur, Belgium, prov. Liège, Braives © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Quercus cerris, Belgium, prov. Liège, Coteaux de la Citadelle © Jean-Yves Baugnée
Quercus robur, Hilversum; mine, strongly enlarged
Quercus robur, Hilversum (left), Maarn (right); egg, and a less strongly enlarged picture of a mine
Quercus robur, Beegden; mine in green island
Quercus robur, Boswachterij Nunspeet © Hans Jonkman: vacated cocoon (at the background cleistothecia of Erysiphe hypophylla)
mine
Egg at the upper side of the leaf, generally adjacent to the midrib. The mine is a short, angular corridor with much black frass and a relatively large larval chamber. The larvae soon leave their mines and start causing lower-surface window feeding.
host plants
Fagaceae, oligophagous
Castanea sativa; Quercus Quercus, faginea, petraea, pubescens, robur, rubra, trojana.
Emmet (1985a) only cites Quercus as a host plant; I myself also never saw this mine on Castanea. Old reports from Sorbus and Ulmus by, among others, Schütze (1931a), are probably erroneous. Mentioned by Tomov & Krusteva (2007a) also from Carpinus betulus; this needs further confirmation.
phenology
Bivoltine; larvae in July and again in September – October; hibernation as pupa (Emmet, 1985a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2010).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2010).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2010).
distribution within Europe
All Europe (Corley ao, 2006a; Fauna Europaea, 2010).
larva
cocoon
slender, cream coloured, ribbed.
pupa
See Patočka (1996a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a).
parasitoids, predators
references
Baldizzone (2004a), Baldizzone & scalercio (2018a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Biesenbaum (2010a), Borkowski (2003a), Buhr (1936a, 1964a), Burmann (1991a), Buszko (1992b), Buszko & Beshkov (2004a), Corley, Maravalhas & Passos de Carvalho (2006a), Deschka (19823a), Deschka & Wimmer (2000a), Emmet (1985a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1923a, 1930e, 1932g, 1934a, 1957a), Huemer (1986b, 2012a), Klimesch (1937b, 1950c, 1956a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kurz & Embacher (2012a), Leutsch (2011a), Maček (1999a), Michna (1975a), Patočka (1996a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins (1998a, 2010a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Stolnicu (2007a), Svensson (1971a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a), Tomov & Dimitrov (2007a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a), Zoerner (1969a).