underside

mine

Small lower-surface tentiform mine; epidermis pale green, rather weakly folded. The pupa lies without a cocoon in the mine.

host plants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula humilis, nana, pubescens.

Strong preference for tiny seedlings in low vegetation (Emmet ao, 19985a; van Nieukerken ao, 1993a).

phenology

Larvae in July and September – November; hibernation as pupa (Emmet ao, 1985a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Prins, 1998a).

NE recorded (van Nieukerken ao, 1993a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

From Fennoscandia and northern Russia to Belgium, Austria, and the Ukraine, and from Britain to Southern Russia (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

The larva never shows a dorsal orange yellow spot on the sixth abdominal segment (Emmet ao, 1985a).

pupa

synonyms

Lithocolletis anderidae; L. nanella Petersen, 1927.

parasitoids, predators

Achrysocharoides niveipes; Hemiptarsenus ornatus; Pnigalio pectinicornis; Sympiesis notata.

references

Bachmaier (1965a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Bouček (1959a), Buszko (1987a, 1992b), Deutschmann (2010a), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson (1985a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Hering (1957a), Huisman & Koster (1997a), von Kayser & van Loh (2004a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), van Nieukerken, Gielis, Huisman ao (1993a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins (1998a), Robbins (1991a), Segerer (2001a), Viramo (1962a).