lighted from behind

mine

Rather small, lower-surface tentiform mine, less than 14 mm long, with one strong fold in the lower epidermis. Pupa in a tough white cocoon that is attached to both the floor and roof of the mine. Before ecdysis the pupa half emerges from the underside of the mine.

host plants

Fagaceae, monophagous

Quercus Quercus cerris, dalechampii, faginea, frainetto, macranthera, petraea, pontica, pubescens, robur.

phenology

Larvae in July and September – October (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

pupa

synonyms

Lithocolletis harrisella; Glyphipteryx, Lithocolletis, Phyllonorycter cramerella (Fabricius, 1777).

parasitoids, predators

Achrysocharoides latreillii; Cirrospilus diallus; Euderus viridis.

notes

The biology is discussed by Miller (1973a).

According to Emmet ao (1985a) in the summer generation the frass is dispersed in the mine, and the cocoon is free of frass; in the autumn generation the frass is incrusted in the sides and rear of the cocoon, giving it a U-shaped outline when lighted from behind (see also Harper & Langmaid (1978a)). The picture above was made in mid-June and illustrates that in the Netherlands already in the summer generation almost all frass may be incorporated in the cocoon.

references

Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Buhr (1936a), Buszko (1992b), Corley, Marabuto & Pires (2007a), Corley, Rosete, Marabuto ao (2014a), Deutsch (2012a), Deutschmann (2008a), Emmet (1975b), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson (1985a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), ffennell (1975a), Gregor (1952a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Harper & Langmaid (1978a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1934a, 1957a), Huemer (2012a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Jaworski (2009a), Klimesch (1950c), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Lhomme (1934d), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Miller (1973a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Nowakowski (1954a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins, 1998a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Sønderup (1949a), Stolnicu (2007a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a), Tomov & Dimitrov (2007a), Tourlan (1980a), West (1985a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a).