Phyllonorycter hilarella (Zetterstedt, 1839)

sallow midget

mine

Rather large, lower-surface tentiform mine, mostly between two side veins. The upper side is fairly strongly inflated. The underside has many narrow folds, not easily seen because of the indumentum at the underside of the leaf.Pupa light brown in a tough, golden cocoon. Frass packed in a corner of the mine. Neither mine, cocoon nor pupa can be distinguished from those of Ph. dubitella (Gregor & Patočka, 2001a).

host plants

Salicaceae, monophagous

Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea.

Primarily on S. caprea. Hartig (1939a) adds S. appendiculata, Deutsch Salix glabra. Svensson (1966a) bred the species several times from Populus tremula.

phenology

Larvae in July and September – early November (Emmet ao, 1985a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2010).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2010).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2010).

distribution within Europe

All Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2010).

pupa

synonyms

Lithocolletis hilarella; Lithocolletis, Phyllonorycter spinolella (Duponchel, 1840); Lithocolletis groenlieni Hering, 1926.

parasitoids, predators

Achrysocharoides zwoelferi; Cirrospilus pictus; Pnigalio longulus, pectinicornis; Sympiesis gordius, sericeicornis.

references

Baldizzone (2004a, 2008a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Bouček (1959a), Buhr (1937a, 1964a), Davis & Deschka (2001a), Deutsch (2012a), Deutschmann (2008a), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson (1985a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1926b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Huemer (1986b, 2012a), Klimesch (1950c), Kozlov & Kullberg (2006a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kvičala (1938a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins (1998a), Robbins (1991a), Schmid (2019a), Schütze (1931a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Svensson (1966a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a).