Alnus glutinosa, Tilburg; opened mine

mine

Lower-surface tentiform mine between two side veins, often at quite some distance from the midrib. Lower surface with many folds, all very weak. Often several mines in one leaf. Pupa in a white cocoon in an angle of the mine, attached to the roof. The cocoon is free from frass; all frass is heaped in an angle of the mine, opposite to the cocoon. Before ecdysis the pupa works itself half out of the mine through the lower epidermis.

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Alnus glutinosa, incana & subsp. rugosa, viridis.

phenology

Larvae in May – June and July – August (van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks, 1976a); perhaps these last year even a third generation (Scheffers, 2002a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phege, 2009).

recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Entire Europe, except Greece, perhaps also Spain (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

pupa

synonyms

Phyllonorycter crocinella (Sorhagen, 1900) [Global taxonomic database of Gracillariidae, 2010]; Lithocolletis kleemannella. In accordance with the Fauna Europaea (2010) the trusted spelling “Phyllonorycter kleemannella” has been changed into Ph. klemannella.

notes

The mine generally is short and broad, but it may also be rather long, and resemble then the mine of Ph. froelichiella. In such cases the colour of the larva, or the morphology of the cremaster, are diagnostic

references

Ahr (1966a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Buszko (1992b), Buszko & Beshkov (2004a), Deschka (1970a, 2014a), Deutschmann (2008a), Drăghia (1972a, 1974a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Gregor & Povolný (1950a), Hering (1947a, 1957a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Jaworski (2009a), Kasy (1985a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a)m Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2006a), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins & Steeman (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Scheffers (2002a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1951a), Sønderup (1949a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a), Tourlan (1980a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a).