Phyllonorycter klemannella (Fabricius, 1781)
dark alder midget
on Alnus
Alnus glutinosa, Hungary, Kimle, 29.vi.2018 © László Érsek: mine, upper side of leaf
underside
lava in opened mine
larva, dorsal and ventral view
head and thorax dorsal view
head and thorax ventral view
larva, lateral
19.vii.2019, pupa, dorsal view
vental view
larva, parsitised by Holcothorax spec.
a few cocoons in detail
Alnus glutinosa, Amsterdam; mine from below, and seen lighted from behind
Alnus glutinosa, Tilburg; opened mine
mine
Lower-surface tentiform mine between two side veins, often at quite some distance from the midrib. Lower surface with many folds, all very weak. Often several mines in one leaf. Pupa in a white cocoon in an angle of the mine, attached to the roof. The cocoon is free from frass; all frass is heaped in an angle of the mine, opposite to the cocoon. Before ecdysis the pupa works itself half out of the mine through the lower epidermis.
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Alnus glutinosa, incana & subsp. rugosa, viridis.
phenology
Larvae in May – June and July – August (van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks, 1976a); perhaps these last year even a third generation (Scheffers, 2002a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phege, 2009).
recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe, except Greece, perhaps also Spain (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
pupa
synonyms
Phyllonorycter crocinella (Sorhagen, 1900) [Global taxonomic database of Gracillariidae, 2010]; Lithocolletis kleemannella. In accordance with the Fauna Europaea (2010) the trusted spelling “Phyllonorycter kleemannella” has been changed into Ph. klemannella.
notes
The mine generally is short and broad, but it may also be rather long, and resemble then the mine of Ph. froelichiella. In such cases the colour of the larva, or the morphology of the cremaster, are diagnostic
references
Ahr (1966a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Buszko (1992b), Buszko & Beshkov (2004a), Deschka (1970a, 2014a), Deutschmann (2008a), Drăghia (1972a, 1974a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Gregor & Povolný (1950a), Hering (1947a, 1957a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Jaworski (2009a), Kasy (1985a), von Kayser & van Loh (2004a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2006a), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins & Steeman (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Scheffers (2002a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1951a), Sønderup (1949a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a), Tourlan (1980a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a).