Phyllonorycter nicellii (Stainton, 1851)
red hazel midget
Corylus avellana, Susteren, ‘t Hout
same mine, underside of the leaf
mine
Lower-surface tentiform mine, usually between two side veins. Pupa in white cocoon in a corner of the mine, attached to both the roof and the floor of the mine; frass heaped in an opposite corner.
host plants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Corylus avellana, colurna.
phenology
Larvae in July and again in September – October (Emmet ao, 1985a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Phegea, 2010).
NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2010).
LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2010).
distribution within Europe
All Europe, except the Balkan peninsula and the Mediterranean islands (Fauna Europaea, 2010).
larva
pupa
synonyms
Lithocolletis nicellii
parasitoids, predators
Achrysocharoides splendens; Elachertus inunctus; Pnigalio pectinicornis; Sympiesis sericeicornis.
notes
Sometimes a pest where hazelnuts are grown commercially (Dimic, 1971a; Kollár, 2007a).
references
Beiger (1979a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Buszko (1992b), Corley, Maravalhas & Passos de Carvalho (2006a), Corley, Rosete, Marabuto ao (2014a), Deutsch (2012a), Deutschmann (2008a), Dimic (1971a), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson (1985a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1957a), Huber (1969a), Huemer (1986b, 2012a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Jaworski (2009a), Kasy (1983a, 1987a), Kollár (2007a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), ME & MA Kurz (2007a), Lhomme (1934c), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Michalska (1976a), Michna (1975a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Nowakowski (1954a), Olivella (2002a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), De Prins (1998a, 2007a), Robbins (1991a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1951a), Sønderup (1949a), Stammer (2016a), Szőcs (1977a, 1978a, 1981a), Tomov & Krusteva (2007a), Tourlan (1980a), Wieser (2008a), Zoerner (1969a).