Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella (Hübner, 1817)

red birch midget

on Betula

Betula pendula, Hungary, Kimle, 28.vi.2018 © László Érsek

fresh mine, underside

opened mine with larva and frass mass

larva, head and thorax dorsal …

… ventral

Betula pubescens, Duin en Kruidberg

Betula pendula, Tilburg; opened mine of the summer generation: the cocoon is a flimsy spinning.

Betula pubescens, Hoenderloo, Hoge Veluwe: mine of the autumn generation

Betula pendula, Loonsche en Drunensche Duinen; opened mine of the autumn generation; the cocoon is so tough that opening it, with two pairs of tweezers, requires some force.

mine

Small lower surface tentiform mine; the lower epidermis is greenish yellow and weakly folded. Pupation within the mine in a cocoon that in the summer generation is so flimsy that sometimes it seems to be missing, while in the autumn generation it is quite tough. All frass in a corner of the mine.

host plants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula x alpestris, grossa, pendula, pubescens.

Reported by Hering (1957a) as an occasional miner of Ribes. The statement by Kollár (2007a) and Kollár & Hrubík (2009a) that the species were a pest on op Ulmus glabra and laevis must be due to a mistake.

phenology

Larvae in July and September – November; hibernation as pupa (Emmet ao, 1985a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Entire Europe, with exception of the Balkan Peninsula (Corley ao, 2006a; Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

Whitish, with an orange-yellow spot dorsally on the sixth abdominal segment. See Grandi (1931a, 1933a) for a description of the morphology.

pupa

synonyms

Lithocolletis ulmifoliella.

parasitoids, predators

Achrysocharoides niveipes; Cirrospilus pictus; Pnigalio pectinicornis; Sympiesis gordius, sericeicornis.

references

Ahr (1966a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Bouček (1959a), Buhr (1935a, 1964a), Buszko (1992b), Buszko & Beshkov (2004a), Corley, Maravalhas & Passos de Carvalho (2006a), Corley, Rosete, Marabuto ao (2014a), Deschka (1968a), Deutsch (2012a), Deutschmann (2008a), Emmet, Watkinson & Wilson,1985a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Grandi (1931a, 1933a), Gregor & Patočka (2001a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Huemer (2012a), Huemer & Erlebach (2003a), Jaworski (2009a), Kirichenko, Triberti, Akulov ao (2019a), Klimesch (1950c), Kollár (2007a), Kollár & Hrubík (2009a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova (2006a), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), Nel & Varenne (2014a), Nowakowski (1954a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a), Robbins (1991a), Schmid (2019a), Schütze (1931a), Sefrová (2005a), Skala (1951a), Sønderup (1949a), Starý (1930a), Szőcs (1977a, 1981a), Wegner (2013a), Yefremova & Kravchenko (2015a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).