Populus x canescens, Nieuwendam

egg shells

mine

Eggs are deposited on the upperside of the leaf, mostly in groups of 5-10, less often singly, generally along a vein; the empty shells are flat and shining. The snow-white larvae form large, upper-surface blotches in which a considerable larvae may be present, also because mines may coalesce. Pupation is external; exit slit in upper epidermis.

host plants

Salicaceae, oligophagous

Populus alba, balsamifera, canadensis, x canescens, carolinensis, gileadensis, nigra, tremula; Salix aurita, caprea, cinerea, x fragilis, purpurea.

The relation with Salix seems mainly to occur in Central Europe.

phenology

Larvae in June and September; hibernation as pupa (Emmet, 1985a; van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks, 1970a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (Phegea, 2009).

NE recorded (Kuchlein & de Vos, 1999a; Microlepidoptera.nl, 2009).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

distribution within Europe

Almost all Europe, except Ireland, the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean Islands (Fauna Europaea, 2009).

larva

pupa

Described by Patočka (2000a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005a). Pupation is solitary under a conspicuous white spinning in the shape of an H (van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks, 1970a).

synonyms

Paraleucoptera sinuella; Cemiostoma, Leucoptera susinella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855).

notes

Counting the empty egg shells easily shows the size of the litter. It appears that litter size is less on small leaves, compared with large ones (Kagata & Ohgushi, 2001a).

references

Arru (1996a), Bengtsson & Johansson (2011a), Briolini (1962a, 1965a), Buhr (1935b, 1936a), Buszko (1981a, 1992b), Charles, Nef, Allegro, ao (2014a), Delplanque (1998a), Emmet (1985a), van Frankenhuyzen (1973a), van Frankenhuyzen & Freriks (1970a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hering (1923a, 1931/32f, 1933b, 1936b), Huber (1969a), Kagata & Ohgushi ( 2001a), Klimesch (1957a), Kuchlein & Donner (1993a), Kuchlein & de Vos (1999a), Kuroko (1964a), Kvičala (1938a), Lhomme (1934d), Mey (1994a), Patočka (2000a), Patočka & Turčáni (2005), De Prins (1998a), Schütze (1931a), Skala (1941a, 1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Starý (1930a), Steuer (2002a), Surányi (1942a), Szőcs (1977a), Zoerner (1970a).